A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Email.php

Line Number: 691

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Email.php

Line Number: 696

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/samdictc/public_html/system/core/Exceptions.php:170)

Filename: libraries/Session.php

Line Number: 671

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_start() [function.session-start]: Cannot send session cookie - headers already sent by (output started at /home/samdictc/public_html/system/core/Exceptions.php:170)

Filename: libraries/facebook.php

Line Number: 37

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_start() [function.session-start]: Cannot send session cache limiter - headers already sent (output started at /home/samdictc/public_html/system/core/Exceptions.php:170)

Filename: libraries/facebook.php

Line Number: 37

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/samdictc/public_html/system/core/Exceptions.php:170)

Filename: core/Input.php

Line Number: 250

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

 

bản đồ địa chất

 


 

Một dạng bản đồ chuyên đề quan trọng và phổ biến. Bản đồ thể hiện các yếu tố địa chất lộ ra ở phần trên của vỏ Trái Đất của một vùng, một khu vực hay toàn cầu (tùy theo tỉ lệ bản đồ).

 

Trên bản đồ địa chất, dùng màu sắc hoặc các dạng kẻ vạch khác nhau để thể hiện sự phân bố các loại đá (trầm tích, biến chất, macma) và tuổi của chúng. Các yếu tố địa chất khác như thế nằm của các tầng đá, các đứt gãy, vị trí khoáng sản, vị trí hoá thạch... được thể hiện bằng các kí hiệu theo quy ước. Thông qua các yếu tố địa chất trên bản đồ địa chất, có thể hiểu được cấu trúc và lịch sử phát triển địa chất của phần vỏ Trái Đất.

 

Tuỳ theo yêu cầu của công tác địa chất hoặc các mục tiêu kinh tế, có các loại bản đồ địa chất chuyên dùng như bản đồ kiến tạo, bản đồ khoáng sản, bản đồ địa chất thuỷ văn, bản đồ địa chất công trình, bản đồ thạch học...

 

Bản đồ địa chất là sản phẩm tổng hợp cuối cùng của công tác điều tra nghiên cứu địa chất, là tài liệu không thể thiếu trong nghiên cứu địa chất tiếp theo cũng như trong nghiên cứu các lĩnh vực khoa học có liên quan.

 

Mức độ điều tra khái quát hoặc chi tiết của bản đồ địa chất thể hiện ở tỉ lệ của bản đồ. Các loại bản đồ địa chất: bản đồ địa chất khái quát có tỉ lệ 1:500 000 và nhỏ hơn, bản đồ địa chất trung bình tỉ lệ 1:200 000 đến 1:100 000, bản đồ địa chất chi tiết tỉ lệ 1:50 000. Công việc lập bản đồ địa chất ở Việt Nam đã có từ cuối thế kỉ 19. Một bản đồ địa chất Đông Dương rất sơ lược được Fucxơ thành lập năm 1882 có tỉ lệ 1:4 000 000.

 

Từ sau Chiến tranh thế giới I, lãnh thổ Đông Dương được lần lượt đo vẽ theo tỉ lệ 1:500 000. Năm 1941, Frômagiê tổng hợp tất cả các kết quả đó và biên soạn bản đồ địa chất Đông Dương tỉ lệ 1:2 000 000 (tái bản 1952). 

 

Năm 1963, đã xuất bản bản đồ địa chất Miền Bắc Việt Nam tỉ lệ 1:500 000, do tập thể các nhà địa chất Liên Xô và Việt Nam thực hiện. Sau đó, các nhà địa chất Việt Nam đã lần lượt đo vẽ ở tỉ lệ trung bình các tờ bản đồ Miền Bắc Việt Nam.

 

Công tác lập bản đồ địa chất cũng được triển khai ở Miền Nam ngay sau 1975. Đến nay, đã hoàn thành bản đồ địa chất toàn quốc tỉ lệ 1:500 000 phủ kín cả đất liền và hải đảo, bản đồ địa chất tỉ lệ 1:200 000 phủ kín lãnh thổ (phần đất liền). Công tác lập bản đồ địa chất tỉ lệ trung bình tỉ lệ 1:50 000 theo quy chuẩn quốc gia cũng đang tiến hành để phủ kín lãnh thổ Việt Nam (hiện nay đã kín khoảng 30% diện tích).

 

Đã xuất bản bản đồ địa chất 1:1 000 000, 1:1.500 000, tỉ lệ 1:200 000.

 

 

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: date() [function.date]: It is not safe to rely on the system's timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected 'Asia/Krasnoyarsk' for '+07/7.0/no DST' instead

Filename: libraries/Log.php

Line Number: 86